#Oma medical term skin#See: ABCD skin cancer EtiologyĮxcessive exposure to ultraviolet light, esp. The likelihood of long-term survival depends on the depth of the lesion (thicker lesions are more hazardous), whether it is ulcerated, the histological type (nodular and acral lentiginous melanomas are more dangerous than superficial spreading or lentigo malignant melanomas), the patient's age (older patients do more poorly), and gender (men tend to have a worse prognosis than women). More than 90% of melanomas develop on the skin about 5% occur in the eye, and 2.5% occur on mucous membranes. In 2008, the American Cancer Society estimated that 62,480 Americans would be diagnosed with melanoma and that more than 8,400 would die from the disease. The incidence of the disease is rising rapidly in the US, esp. The tumor can spread aggressively throughout the body (e.g., to the brain and other internal organs). See Acral lentiginous melanoma, Amelanotic melanoma, Congenital melanoma, Dysplastic nevus syndrome, Lentigo maligna melanoma, Nodular melanoma, Ocular melanoma, Premalignant melanoma, Pseudomelanoma, Radial growth phase melanoma, Superficial spreading melanoma, Thin melanoma, Vertical growth phase melanoma, Vertical growth phase melanoma.Ī malignant tumor of darkly pigmented cells (melanocytes) that often arises in a brown or black mole. melanoma Malignant melanoma Dermatology A tumor which comprises 1-3% of all new cancers–18,000/yr, causes 6500 deaths/yr–US, most age 30–50 the incidence of melanoma is ↑ at ± 7%/yr, and now affects 9/105, primarily head & neck in ♂ and 12/105, primarily the legs in ♀ melanoma is rare, but more aggressive in chidren Risk factors Giant congential melanocytic nevus, dysplastic nevus, xeroderma pigmentosum, immunodeficiency, moles with persistent pigment changes–especially > age 15, large or irregularly pigmented lesions, familial moles, congenital moles white–12-fold greater risk than blacks, previous melanoma, melanoma in 1 st-degree relative, immunosuppression, photosensitivity, ↑ sun exposure ocular melanomas may not ↑ melanoma risk Site of metastasis Liver, lung, intestine, pancreas, adrenal, heart, kidney, brain, spleen, thyroid. Thin melanoma (Stage-I cutaneous melanoma)Ī lesion measuring < 1 cm in diameter virtually 100% survival. ▪ Stage IV-Metastases to other organs or to lymph nodes far from the original lesion.Ī rare, flat, palmoplantar or subungual lesion more common in non-whites average 5-year survival age 60 appears as flat, indolent lesions on face, arising from a premalignant freckle with greater than 90% 5-year survival aetiologically linked to prolonged actinic exposure.ġ5% of cases similar clinically to superficial spreading melanoma 50% average 5-year survival.ġ/3 of lentigo maligna (Hutchinson’s freckle) progress to malignant melanoma after 10–15 years.ħ0% of cases affects ages 30 to 60, especially female in lower legs or trunk, as a flat lesion (radial growth phase) that may be present for months to years average 5-year survival 75% aetiologically linked to recreational actinic exposure. – Spread to nearby lymph nodes or satellite lesions between original and regional lymph nodes. – Satellite lesions within 2 cms of the original tumour or ▪ Stage II-1.5-mm to 4-mm thick spread to lower dermis but not beyond or to adjacent lymph nodes. ▪ Stage I-Confined to epidermis and/or upper dermis, and measures ≤ 1.5-mm thick. Large size, paranasal/nasopharyngeal location, vascular invasion, high mitotic activity, marked cellular pleomorphism, distant metastases. Local recurrence common many metastasise 5-year survival reflects stage when diagnosed. Wide excision chemo- and radiation are essentially useless. Liver, lung, intestine, pancreas, adrenal, heart, kidney, brain, spleen, thyroid. Giant congential melanocytic nevus, dysplastic nevus, xeroderma pigmentosum, immunodeficiency, moles with persistent pigment changes (especially > age 15), large or irregularly pigmented lesions, familial moles, congenital moles, Caucasian (12-fold greater risk than Black), previous melanoma, melanoma in 1st-degree relative, immunosuppression, photosensitivity, increased sun exposure. melanoma A tumour that comprises 1–3% of all new cancers (18,000/year) and causes 6500 deaths/year (US), most age 30–50 melanoma is increasing at ± 7%/year, and now affects 9/105 (primarily the head and neck) in men and 12/105 (primarily legs) in women it is rare but more aggressive in children. The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
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